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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

8.6K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

6.5K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

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Thyroid nodule: not as clear-cut as it seems.

Gilbert Bader1, Igor Puzanov2, Kanishka Chakraborty3

  • 1East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Medical Oncology and Hematology, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.

The Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology
|February 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare instance of thyroid gland metastasis from clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurring 13 years post-diagnosis. The patient received targeted therapy and surgery for this late recurrence.

Keywords:
renal cell cancersunitinibsurgical resectionthyroid metastases

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are commonly benign or primary thyroid cancers.
  • Thyroid metastases are rare clinically (2-3% of thyroid cancers) but more common at autopsy (24%).
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent source of clinically detected thyroid metastases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of late solitary thyroid metastasis from clear-cell RCC.
  • To highlight the management of metastatic RCC to the thyroid gland.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with clear-cell RCC.
  • Diagnosis of a solitary thyroid metastasis 13 years after primary RCC diagnosis.
  • Treatment involved neoadjuvant targeted therapy (sunitinib), thyroidectomy, and adjuvant radiation therapy.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with a solitary thyroid metastasis 13 years after initial RCC diagnosis.
  • Positive surgical margins were noted after thyroidectomy.
  • Adjuvant radiation therapy was administered, and the patient is under long-term surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Late solitary metastasis of clear-cell RCC to the thyroid gland is rare.
  • Multimodal treatment including targeted therapy, surgery, and radiation may be necessary.
  • Long-term surveillance is crucial for patients with a history of RCC.