Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

127
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
127
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

147
Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
147
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

3.8K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
3.8K
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

284
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
284
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

181
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
181
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

154
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
154

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CTAB-modified chitosan nanocoatings: Increasing the cationic surface character by self-assembly.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Oscillatory brain activity in response to familiar and unfamiliar languages in monolingual and bilingual young adults.

Brain and language·2026
Same author

Extremophilic microbial isolates and metagenomic analysis of Greek and Hungarian bauxite residues.

Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Language History Collection in Multilingual Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Analysis of Public-Sector Clinical Perspectives.

International journal of language & communication disorders·2026
Same author

Pre-Experimental Wet Heat Sterilization Alters the Ecotoxicity of Pristine Graphene Oxide Toward <i>Daphnia magna</i>.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Assessing the Chronic Environmental Risk of Graphene Oxide Using a Multimarker Approach Across Three Trophic Levels of the Aquatic Ecosystem.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Cytotoxicity Assays with Zebrafish Cell Lines
08:22

Cytotoxicity Assays with Zebrafish Cell Lines

Published on: January 6, 2023

8.2K

Direct toxicity assessment - Methods, evaluation, interpretation.

Katalin Gruiz1, Ildikó Fekete-Kertész1, Zsuzsanna Kunglné-Nagy1

  • 1Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem Rkp. 3., Hungary.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Direct toxicity assessment (DTA) quantifies environmental sample toxicity without chemical concentrations. Toxicity equivalency aids understanding by relating unknown mixtures to reference substances, improving risk management for contaminated water and soil.

Keywords:
Chemical risk modelDirect toxicity assessmentEnvironmental hazardEnvironmental managementRisk assessment

More Related Videos

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

918
An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity
07:58

An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity

Published on: May 12, 2020

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Cytotoxicity Assays with Zebrafish Cell Lines
08:22

Cytotoxicity Assays with Zebrafish Cell Lines

Published on: January 6, 2023

8.2K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

918
An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity
07:58

An Automated Differential Nuclear Staining Assay for Accurate Determination of Mitocan Cytotoxicity

Published on: May 12, 2020

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Risk assessment

Background:

  • Direct toxicity assessment (DTA) measures adverse effects of environmental samples.
  • Current methods often lack direct toxicity measurement, relying on chemical concentrations.
  • Integrating DTA is crucial for effective environmental risk management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and discuss the role, principles, methodology, and interpretation of DTA.
  • To highlight the necessity of integrating DTA into environmental management.
  • To introduce the benefits of the toxicity equivalency method.

Main Methods:

  • Direct toxicity assessment (DTA) using sample dilution-response curves.
  • Toxicity equivalencing to express toxicity relative to a reference substance.
  • Case studies involving treated wastewater and bauxite residue reservoirs.

Main Results:

  • DTA provides a scale of actual adverse effects without chemical concentration units.
  • Toxicity equivalency facilitates understanding of complex mixtures for non-ecotoxicologists.
  • Case studies demonstrated DTA for wastewater treatment efficacy and reservoir cover layer assessment.

Conclusions:

  • DTA is essential for environmental risk management of contaminated water, soil, and waste.
  • Toxicity equivalency enhances the interpretability of DTA results.
  • Integrating DTA and toxicity equivalency improves environmental decision-making.