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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Individual differences in working-memory capacity and task resumption following interruptions.

Cyrus K Foroughi1, Nicole E Werner2, Ryan McKendrick1

  • 1Department of Psychology, George Mason University.

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Individuals with higher working-memory capacity (WMC) resume tasks faster after interruptions. Higher WMC reduces task resumption lag, especially with longer interruptions, indicating better interference management.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Task interruptions incur a resumption lag, a time cost that increases with interruption duration.
  • The memory-for-goals model posits that longer interruptions cause greater interference, leading to increased resumption lag.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if working-memory capacity (WMC) influences task resumption speed after interruptions.
  • To determine if individuals with higher WMC can mitigate the negative effects of interruption duration on task resumption.

Main Methods:

  • A procedural interruption task was administered to 229 students.
  • Interruption durations varied, and participants completed a working-memory capacity (WMC) measure.
  • Resumption lag and its relationship with interruption duration and WMC were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A positive correlation was confirmed between interruption duration and resumption lag.
  • Working-memory capacity (WMC) had a significant negative effect on resumption lag.
  • WMC moderated the interruption duration-resumption lag relationship, attenuating the effect for high-WMC individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Higher working-memory capacity (WMC) is associated with reduced task resumption lag.
  • Individuals with high WMC are less susceptible to interference from task interruptions.
  • WMC plays a crucial role in efficient task resumption following periods of interruption.