Simulation-Based Abdominal Ultrasound Training - A Systematic Review.

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Diagnostic Imaging
• Ultrasound Technology

Background:

• Simulation-based training (SBT) is increasingly used in medical education.
• Abdominal ultrasound proficiency requires extensive hands-on experience.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of different SBT modalities is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review simulation-based training options for abdominal ultrasound.
• To critically assess the existing evidence on the efficacy of these training methods.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
• Classified studies by design (RCTs, before-and-after, descriptive) and assessed evidence level (OCEBM) and bias (Cochrane).

Main Results:

• Seventeen studies were analyzed (4 RCTs, 8 before-and-after, 5 descriptive).
• Most studies had low evidence levels (14/17) and high bias (11/17).
• No studies validated simulator skills against clinical performance or used blinded assessors.

Conclusions:

• Significant heterogeneity exists in simulators, designs, and outcomes.
• Current evidence for SBT effectiveness in abdominal ultrasound is inadequate.
• Future research should prioritize RCTs with validated outcome measures and blinded assessment.