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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

978
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
978
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

908
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
908
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

1.5K
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.5K
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

1.5K
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
1.5K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

946
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
946

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Variables Affecting General Anesthesia Time for Pediatric Dental Cases.

Young Yi1, Joseph Lee2, Han Yi3

  • 1Department of Dentistry, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, N.J., USA. youngyi.dmd@gmail.com.

Pediatric Dentistry
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Summary

Pediatric dental operating room case times are often overestimated. Identifying factors like provider inexperience and patient age can improve scheduling accuracy and reduce wasted OR time.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Surgery
  • Operating Room Management
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Accurate procedural time estimation is crucial for efficient operating room (OR) utilization in pediatric dentistry.
  • Current methods for estimating dental OR case durations may lead to significant discrepancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key variables influencing procedural durations for pediatric dental treatments conducted in the OR under general anesthesia.
  • To improve the accuracy of OR time allocation for dental procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2,264 pediatric dental OR cases from Boston Children's Hospital.
  • Inclusion of patient (age, ASA class), provider, and operational variables (radiographs, intubation type).
  • Statistical analysis using ANOVA, z test, t test, Pearson correlations, and regression modeling.

Main Results:

  • Provider inexperience, need for radiographs, older patient age, higher ASA class, and oral intubation were associated with longer case times.
  • Current estimations led to a monthly overestimation of 14.6 hours.
  • A developed regression model improved case time estimation accuracy by 7.9 hours per month.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric dental OR case time estimation is frequently overestimated.
  • Understanding factors contributing to time discrepancies can help optimize OR scheduling.
  • Improved estimation accuracy allows for better utilization of valuable OR resources.