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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Digital Printing of Titanium Dioxide for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
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Graphene-based large area dye-sensitized solar cell modules.

Simone Casaluci1, Mauro Gemmi2, Vittorio Pellegrini3

  • 1CHOSE - Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Dept. Electr. Eng. University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.

Nanoscale
|February 18, 2016
PubMed
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Spray coating graphene ink enables large-area fabrication of cost-effective, flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) modules. This method replaces expensive platinum with graphene counter-electrodes for efficient, transparent photovoltaic devices.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) often rely on expensive platinum counter-electrodes.
  • Large-area fabrication of photovoltaic devices remains a challenge for cost-effectiveness and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate spray coating of graphene ink as a scalable method for fabricating large-area DSSC modules.
  • To develop a cost-effective and efficient alternative to platinum counter-electrodes for DSSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Graphene ink was produced via liquid phase exfoliation of graphite.
  • The graphene ink was spray coated onto a transparent conductive oxide substrate to create large-area counter-electrodes (>90 cm(2)).
  • The graphene counter-electrodes were integrated into large-area DSSC modules (43.2 cm(2) active area).

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Last Updated: Mar 25, 2026

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Main Results:

  • A large-area, semi-transparent graphene counter-electrode (44% transmittance) was successfully fabricated.
  • The developed graphene counter-electrode was integrated into a DSSC module, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 3.5%.
  • The spray coating method proved viable for large-area fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • Spray coating of graphene ink is a promising technique for producing cost-effective, large-area, flexible, and transparent photovoltaic devices.
  • This approach facilitates the development of all-printed graphene-based solar cells on various substrates.
  • The study highlights the potential of graphene as a sustainable alternative to platinum in solar cell technology.