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Updated: Mar 25, 2026
Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry
Published on: December 9, 2025
Inter- and Intra-Operator Reliability of Facial and Dental Measurements Using 3D-Stereophotogrammetry
Romain Ceinos1,2,3, Delphine Tardivo2,4,5, Marie-France Bertrand3,6
1Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR d'Odontologie, 24 Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Cedex 04 Nice, France.
Objectives:
The goal of this study was to assess the reproducibility of an innovative method for facial analysis with three-dimensional-stereophotogrammetry (3D-spg).
Methods:
Twelve subjects with no obvious malocclusion participated in this study. For each of them, four photographs were acquired using the LifeViz(TM) , an absolute calibration 3D-spg system. The facial reconstructions were analyzed with the DermaPix(TM) image management software. Two different operators recorded distances between landmarks and each operator repeated the measurements after one week. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibilities were assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).
Results:
This study showed reproducible intra and inter-examiners results for facial measurements (ICC comprised between 0.732 and 0.976) except for measurements that involve the inner part of the dental corridor (ICC comprised between 0.598 and 0.914).
Conclusion:
The measurements recorded by 3D-LifeViz(TM) system are accurate and reliable for research and clinical use. Moreover, it is simple and inexpensive compared with other 3D methods (laser scanner, 3D Computed Tomography, and 3D Cone Beam CT).
Clinical Significance:
The inter- and intra-operator reliability of the LifeViz(TM) 3D-spg method was demonstrated. The LifeViz(TM) 3D-spg method might be a useful method to accomplish indirect 3D measurements that are relevant to dental and facial diagnosis. (J Esthet Restor Dent, 2016).
