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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.5K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.9K
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

4.1K
Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
4.1K

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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Strong hole-doping and robust resistance-decrease in proton-irradiated graphene.

Chul Lee1, Jiho Kim1, SangJin Kim2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.

Scientific Reports
|February 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-energy proton irradiation significantly enhances graphene

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Improving electrical conductivity of graphene is crucial for its practical applications.
  • Existing methods often rely on external factors like bias-gate voltage.
  • Need for robust and intrinsic doping methods for 2D materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of high-energy proton irradiation on the electrical properties of graphene.
  • To explore a novel, gate-voltage-free carrier doping mechanism for graphene.
  • To understand the underlying physical mechanism of irradiation-induced doping.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene on a SiO2/Si substrate with a 5 MeV proton beam.
  • Measurement of carrier density and DC resistance before and after irradiation.
  • Analysis of defect creation and substrate effects.

Main Results:

  • Hole carrier density increased by over an order of magnitude (to 3 × 10^13 cm⁻²).
  • DC resistance reduced by 60% with negligible defect creation.
  • Robust hole-doped state achieved without external bias-gate voltage.

Conclusions:

  • Proton irradiation offers an effective method for intrinsic carrier doping of graphene.
  • The observed doping is attributed to an electronic mechanism involving electron-hole pair creation and Coulomb attraction, dependent on the SiO2 layer.
  • This irradiation doping technique shows potential for application in other 2D materials.