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Dual process theory assumes reasoning is effortful. This study shows an implicit, intuitive component to reasoning, suggesting logical structure sensitivity can be automatic and outside awareness.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Dual process theory posits reasoning is explicit and effortful.
  • Previous research has not fully explored implicit or intuitive aspects of reasoning.
  • Understanding automatic cognitive processes is crucial for a comprehensive model of human thought.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for an implicit, intuitive component in human reasoning.
  • To determine if sensitivity to logical structure can occur outside of conscious awareness.
  • To explore the relationship between implicit processing and subjective judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Participants rated sentences within logical arguments for liking and physical brightness.
  • Sentences were embedded in logically valid or invalid argument structures.
  • Factors associated with implicit processing, like sentence believability and facial expressions, were manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Sentences in logically valid arguments were rated as more likable and brighter.
  • Sentence believability and facial expressions similarly influenced liking and brightness ratings.
  • These findings suggest an implicit sensitivity to logical structure.

Conclusions:

  • Reasoning may involve an implicit, possibly automatic, component.
  • Sensitivity to logical structure can operate outside of conscious awareness.
  • Results support a fluency misattribution framework for understanding implicit reasoning.