A scoping review identifies multiple emerging knowledge synthesis methods, but few studies operationalize the method.

Area of Science:

• Knowledge synthesis
• Research methodology
• Interdisciplinary research

Background:

• Emerging knowledge synthesis methods are rapidly developing.
• A systematic classification of these methods is lacking.
• Guidance on selecting appropriate methods is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically identify, define, and classify emerging knowledge synthesis methods.
• To provide an overview of the current landscape of knowledge synthesis approaches.
• To inform the selection and application of knowledge synthesis methods.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review was conducted.
• Multiple databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, etc.) were searched across health, education, sociology, and philosophy disciplines.
• Two independent reviewers selected studies and abstracted data.

Main Results:

• 409 articles reporting 25 distinct knowledge synthesis methods were included.
• Most articles (83.9%) applied existing methods, while few (3.7%) described seminal methods.
• Methods were predominantly published after 2005 and commonly used in nursing, health care, and health policy.

Conclusions:

• A significant number of knowledge synthesis methods are emerging.
• There is a notable lack of guidance on selecting appropriate knowledge synthesis methods.
• Convening an international expert group is proposed to clarify emerging approaches.