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  1. Home
  3. Audit And Feedback: Effects On Professional Practice.
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  3. Audit And Feedback: Effects On Professional Practice.

Related Experiment Video

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
10:07

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice.

Noah Ivers1, Sharlini Yogasingam2, Meagan Lacroix3

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|June 22, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Audit and feedback (A&F) improves healthcare professional practice, with an average increase of 6.2% in desired practices. Effectiveness is enhanced when A&F targets areas with room for improvement and involves individual-level data, local champions, and interactive feedback methods.

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Related Experiment Videos

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
10:07

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Published on: June 21, 2010

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Published on: January 17, 2013

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14:32

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Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare quality improvement
  • Medical education and practice
  • Health services research

Background:

  • Audit and feedback (A&F) is a common strategy to enhance healthcare professional practice.
  • Behavioral theories suggest A&F prompts practice modification when performance deviates from targets.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding A&F's overall impact and the characteristics driving its effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of audit and feedback (A&F) on healthcare professional practices.
  • To identify factors influencing the variability in A&F effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (2010-2020) assessing A&F interventions.
  • Data extraction included intervention characteristics, behavior change techniques, and risk of bias.
  • Meta-analyses calculated risk differences and odds ratios; meta-regressions explored heterogeneity.

    • Main Results:

    • Included 292 studies with 678 arms; 133 (46%) had low risk of bias.
    • A&F resulted in a 6.2% mean absolute increase in desired professional practice (moderate-certainty evidence).
    • Effectiveness was greater with individual-level data, comparison to top peers/benchmarks, local champions, interactive feedback, and facilitation.

    Conclusions:

    • Audit and feedback (A&F) is effective in improving professional practice, with significant variation in effect size.
    • A&F interventions are often combined with co-interventions, potentially adding to the overall effect.
    • Optimizing A&F involves targeting areas with improvement potential, using individual data, local champions, interactive feedback, and actionable plans.