Developing a Personal and Social Identity With Type 1 Diabetes During Adolescence: A Hypothesis Generative Study

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Endocrinology
• Adolescent Health

Background:

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) significantly impacts adolescent psychosocial development.
• Understanding how adolescents integrate T1DM into their self-identity is crucial for effective support.
• Previous research has not fully explored the qualitative nuances of T1DM's role in adolescent self-perception.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the incorporation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) into the self-identity of adolescents.
• To understand adolescents' views on T1DM's influence on their sense of self and social relationships.
• To generate hypotheses for future quantitative research on T1DM and adolescent psychosocial well-being.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative study utilizing guided interviews with 40 adolescents diagnosed with T1DM.
• Thematic analysis was employed to interpret adolescents' perspectives on T1DM and self-identity.
• Exploration of T1DM's impact on self-perception and interpersonal dynamics.

Main Results:

• All participants perceived T1DM as a substantial burden, often leading to feelings of being less "normal."
• Adolescents reported both positive and negative experiences managing T1DM within social contexts, with many benefiting from sharing with friends.
• Females demonstrated a greater tendency to disclose T1DM information and reported more positive shifts in self-perception linked to their condition.

Conclusions:

• The integration of T1DM into adolescent self-identity involves complex psychosocial processes.
• Qualitative findings suggest T1DM can be a catalyst for positive self-perception and enhanced social connection, particularly when shared.
• Further quantitative research is warranted to examine the relationship between T1DM self-identity integration, self-esteem, peer relationships, self-management, and glycemic control in adolescents.