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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Epigenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Gong Xiao1, Xiaoxia Zuo1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.

Biomedical Reports
|February 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics significantly influences systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are altered in SLE patients, with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerging as a potential new focus.

Keywords:
epigeneticslupus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with poorly understood mechanisms.
  • Genetic and environmental factors are implicated in SLE development and flares.
  • Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized as crucial in SLE pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • To highlight key epigenetic mechanisms involved in SLE.
  • To explore the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SLE research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetics in SLE.
  • Analysis of studies reporting epigenetic alterations in SLE patients.
  • Focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs (miRNAs), and lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Autoreactive T cells and B cells in SLE patients exhibit altered DNA methylation patterns.
  • Histone modifications are dysregulated in the context of SLE.
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles are changed in SLE.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in epigenetic regulation relevant to SLE.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs, are integral to SLE.
  • lncRNAs represent a promising area for future SLE research and therapeutic strategies.