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Stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (PB) in viral infections

Magdalena Malinowska1, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej1, Beata Tokarz-Deptuła2

  • 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin.

Acta Biochimica Polonica
|February 20, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Viral infections trigger the formation of RNA granules to protect mRNA and maintain cell stability. Some viruses block or alter these crucial stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (PB).

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Virology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • RNA granules, including stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (PB), are critical for cellular homeostasis and mRNA stability.
  • These granules form in response to cellular stress, such as viral infections, to protect messenger RNA (mRNA).
  • Examples of viruses that induce SG and PB formation include polio virus and mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of RNA granules in cellular responses to viral infections.
  • To understand how different viruses interact with SG and PB formation and function.
  • To highlight the significance of SG and PB in maintaining mRNA stability during viral pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on viral interactions with RNA granules.
  • Analysis of studies detailing SG and PB formation during viral infections.
  • Examination of mechanisms by which viruses modulate SG and PB.

Main Results:

  • Viral infections can induce the formation of SG and PB to protect cellular mRNA.
  • Certain viruses, like influenza virus and Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), actively inhibit SG and PB formation.
  • Other viruses, including West Nile Virus, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and human Herpes viruses, interfere with the normal functioning of these granules.

Conclusions:

  • RNA granules play a dynamic role in the host-pathogen interaction during viral infections.
  • Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to either leverage or disrupt SG and PB for their own replication.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending viral pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies.

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