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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Dermoscopy and Early Melanoma.

Danijela Curković, Zrinjka Pastar, Kresimir Kostović

    Collegium Antropologicum
    |February 23, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Early recognition of melanoma, particularly melanoma in situ, is crucial for improving patient survival. Subtle clinical and dermoscopic features in small melanomas necessitate expert examination to distinguish them from benign nevi.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Oncology
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Effective therapies for advanced melanoma are limited, underscoring the importance of early detection.
    • Melanoma in situ represents the earliest stage of the disease, often presenting subtle diagnostic challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the critical role of early recognition in improving melanoma patient survival.
    • To detail the subtle clinical and dermoscopic features of early-stage melanomas, especially those smaller than 3mm.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical examination of skin lesions.
    • Dermoscopic evaluation for subtle diagnostic criteria.
    • Pathohistological analysis for differential diagnosis.

    Main Results:

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    • Early melanomas, particularly small lesions (<3mm), can be difficult to differentiate from nevi clinically, dermoscopically, and pathohistologically.
    • Key clinical features include irregular outline (de novo) or asymmetry with color/shape changes (in nevus).
    • Dermoscopically, asymmetry is paramount; irregular pigment network, streaks, and dots/globules at the periphery are significant, while multiple colors and blue-white structures are rare.

    Conclusions:

    • Early and accurate diagnosis of melanoma through clinical and dermoscopic examination is vital for patient survival.
    • Understanding subtle dermoscopic criteria is essential for differentiating early melanoma from benign nevi.
    • Improved diagnostic accuracy can decrease treatment and management costs associated with melanoma.