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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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The Production of Solid Dosage Forms from Non-Degradable Polymers.

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Non-degradable polymers like silicone elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, and thermoplastic polyurethane are crucial for long-term implantable drug delivery systems. These materials offer biocompatibility and biostability for advanced medical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Technology

Background:

  • Non-degradable polymers are essential for long-term implantable medical devices requiring high biocompatibility and biostability.
  • These materials must resist degradation and erosion over extended periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the three most significant non-degradable polymers for solid dosage forms: silicone elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
  • To explore their unique properties, applications in drug delivery, historical context, and manufacturing processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of academic studies and inventions.
  • Analysis of polymer properties (hydrophobicity, thermoset/thermoplastic nature).
  • Examination of production methods for solid dosage forms.

Main Results:

  • Silicone elastomer: Hydrophobic, thermoset; used in catheters and contraceptive rings.
  • Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA): Hydrophobic thermoplastic; key component in leading contraceptives (NuvaRing®, Implanon®).
  • Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU): Versatile (hydrophilic/hydrophobic); emerging in drug delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • Collectively, these polymers offer diverse material and drug delivery options for unmet clinical needs.
  • They have a long history in controlled release, with ongoing advancements in academic research and commercial applications.
  • Understanding their specific properties and manufacturing is vital for formulation scientists.