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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Autoimmune encephalitis.

M P Newman1, S Blum2,3, R C W Wong1,4

  • 1Department of Immunology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.

Internal Medicine Journal
|February 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune encephalitis, characterized by antibodies targeting neurological tissues, is increasingly recognized. This review details the latest understanding of its causes, diagnosis, and treatments for various medical specialists.

Keywords:
anti-NMDARanti-VGKCautoimmune encephalitislimbic encephalitisneuronal surface antigen antibody

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • The clinical spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis has significantly expanded over the last decade.
  • New clinicopathological entities associated with antibodies to neural surface receptors and ion channels have emerged.
  • Increased clinician awareness has led to more frequent recognition in patients with unexplained neurological and psychiatric symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a contemporary overview of the aetiology, investigations, and treatment of recently described autoimmune encephalitides.
  • To highlight the expanding clinical spectrum and evolving understanding of autoimmune encephalitis.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding these conditions across multiple Internal Medicine subspecialties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on aetiology, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
  • Focus on newly identified autoimmune encephalitis entities and their clinical features.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly diagnosed, often presenting with diverse neurological and psychiatric manifestations.
  • Specific antibodies targeting neural surface receptors and ion channels are key diagnostic and pathogenic markers.
  • The understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment protocols is rapidly evolving.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis represents a growing area of clinical importance in neurology and immunology.
  • Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Continued research is essential to further elucidate disease mechanisms and refine treatment strategies for these complex conditions.