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Multilayer Black Phosphorus as a Versatile Mid-Infrared Electro-optic Material.

Charles Lin1, Roberto Grassi2, Tony Low2

  • 1The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.

Nano Letters
|February 23, 2016
PubMed
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Black phosphorus (BP) thin films exhibit tunable optical modulation in the mid-infrared via electric fields. This study reveals BP

Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising 2D material for optoelectronic applications.
  • Optical modulation is crucial for telecommunications and sensing technologies.
  • Mid-infrared frequencies present unique opportunities for advanced photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electro-optic properties of black phosphorus (BP) thin films.
  • To explore the potential of BP for optical modulation in the mid-infrared spectrum.
  • To compare the performance of BP-based modulators with graphene counterparts.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations of BP's electro-optic response.
  • Simulations of a black phosphorus-silicon nanowire modulator configuration.
Keywords:
Black phosphorusBurstein−Moss shiftelectro-opticsmid-infraredmodulatorquantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect

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  • Analysis of field-induced shifts in BP's absorption edge.

    • Main Results:

    • An applied electric field can induce red, blue, or bidirectional shifts in BP's absorption edge.
    • The observed shifts result from the quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect and Burstein-Moss shift interplay.
    • BP operating in the quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh regime shows enhanced absorption and power efficiency over graphene.

    Conclusions:

    • Black phosphorus offers significant potential for efficient optical modulation in the mid-infrared.
    • The electro-optic response of BP is tunable by electric fields, doping, wavelength, and film thickness.
    • BP-based modulators present a viable alternative to graphene for improved performance.