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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

13.5K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

1.2K
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
1.2K
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

842
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China
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Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China

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The FORGOTTEN (TRICUSPID) VALVE; THIRD TIME, RIGHT TIME.

Kristof De Brabandere, Bram J Amsel, Inez Rodrigus

    The Journal of Heart Valve Disease
    |February 24, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Tricuspid regurgitation surgery can be complex. This case highlights early pannus formation after bioprosthetic valve replacement, necessitating re-redo surgery and emphasizing long-term monitoring.

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    Biaxial Mechanical Characterizations of Atrioventricular Heart Valves
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    Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
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    Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Cardiac Surgery
    • Biomaterials Science

    Background:

    • Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) poses challenges regarding surgical indications, timing, and techniques.
    • Ebstein's anomaly can necessitate complex tricuspid valve interventions.

    Observation:

    • A 42-year-old woman experienced recurrent symptomatic TR post-tricuspid valve repair for Ebstein's anomaly.
    • Early bioprosthetic valve failure occurred due to a detached annuloplasty ring, requiring valve replacement.
    • A rare complication of early pannus formation led to massive TR and right heart failure after the initial replacement.

    Findings:

    • Re-redo tricuspid valve replacement was successfully performed for early pannus formation.
    • Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement is a viable option when repair fails.
    • Potential complications include pacemaker necessity, prosthesis thrombosis, pannus formation, and the need for anticoagulation.

    Implications:

    • Awareness of rare complications like early pannus formation is crucial in tricuspid valve surgery.
    • Long-term surveillance, including annual echocardiography, is vital for detecting subclinical issues.
    • Careful patient selection and management are necessary for optimal outcomes in complex tricuspid valve disease.