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Cerebral Venous Thromboses in a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome
O Oniyangi1, D Hahn, K Petersen
1Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.
West African Journal of Medicine
|February 24, 2016
Summary
Thromboembolic events like cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are rare in children with nephrotic syndrome. This case highlights a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome who successfully recovered from cerebral sinus thromboses.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Neurology
- Hematology
Background:
- Nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disorder, can lead to serious complications including blood clots.
- Thromboembolic phenomena are infrequent in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome.
- Steroid-resistant minimal change nephrotic syndrome presents unique challenges in management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome.
- To illustrate the diagnostic and management strategies for this complication.
- To emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Case report of an 8-year-old male with relapsed, steroid-resistant minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
- Diagnosis confirmed via Computed Tomographic Scan and Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
- Treatment involved anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin and warfarin.
Main Results:
- The patient developed cerebral sagittal and transverse sinus thromboses, presenting with headaches, vomiting, photophobia, and VI cranial nerve palsy.
- Anticoagulant therapy led to recovery without neurological deficits.
- Radiological features showed significant improvement.
Conclusions:
- Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious complication of nephrotic syndrome in children.
- Prompt diagnosis and anticoagulation are crucial for favorable outcomes.
- This case underscores the importance of vigilance for thromboembolic events in pediatric nephrotic syndrome.
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