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Complete Influenza Vaccination Trends for Children Six to Twenty-Three Months
Tammy A Santibanez1, Lisa A Grohskopf2, Yusheng Zhai3
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and afz5@cdc.gov.
Insights
Influenza vaccination coverage for young children increased significantly but remains low, especially for Hispanic and Black children. Many children require two doses, highlighting the need for improved vaccination strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Public Health
- Immunization Research
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Infants and young children are at high risk for influenza complications.
- Influenza vaccination is a key public health strategy for this age group.
- Vaccination schedules vary based on age and prior vaccination history.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess trends in full influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 months from 2002-2012.
- To examine coverage by race/ethnicity, age group, and number of doses required.
- To identify disparities in influenza immunization.
Main Methods:
- Utilized National Immunization Survey data for provider-reported vaccination status.
- Employed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate coverage.
- Analyzed data across 10 consecutive influenza seasons.
Main Results:
- Full influenza vaccination coverage rose from 4.8% (2002-2003) to 44.7% (2011-2012).
- Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children consistently had lower coverage than non-Hispanic White children.
- Children requiring one dose had higher coverage than those needing two doses.
Conclusions:
- Less than half of US children aged 6-23 months achieved full influenza vaccination.
- Significant racial/ethnic disparities persist, with lower coverage among Hispanic and Black children.
- Evidence-based strategies are crucial to improve influenza vaccination rates in young children.
Objective:
Prevention of influenza among infants and young children is a public health priority because of their high risk for influenza-related complications. Depending on a child's age and previous influenza vaccination history, they are recommended to receive either 1 dose or 2 doses of influenza vaccine to be considered fully vaccinated against influenza for the season. We compared estimates of full (complete) influenza vaccination coverage of children 6 to 23 months across 10 consecutive influenza seasons (2002-2012), by race/ethnicity, age group, and by number of doses required to be fully vaccinated given child's vaccination history.
Methods:
National Immunization Survey data were used to estimate full influenza vaccination status among children 6 to 23 months on the basis of provider report. Estimates were computed by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis methods.
Results:
Full influenza vaccination coverage among children 6 to 23 months increased from 4.8% in the 2002-2003 influenza season to 44.7% in the 2011-2012 season. In all 10 influenza seasons studied, non-Hispanic black children and Hispanic children had lower full influenza vaccination coverage than non-Hispanic white children. For all 10 influenza seasons, full influenza vaccination coverage was higher among children requiring only 1 dose compared with those requiring 2 doses.
Conclusions:
Less than half of children 6 to 23 months in the United States, and an even a smaller percentage of Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children, are fully vaccinated against influenza. More implementation of evidence-based strategies that increase the percentage of children who are fully vaccinated is needed.
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