[The latest research advance in media involved in sepsis]

Sepsis and septic shock are the major causes of death in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. A large amount of studies on their pathophysiology have revealed an imbalance in the inflammatory network leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and ultimately, death. Cytokines, proteases, lipid mediators, vasoactive peptides, and cell stress markers play key roles in pathophysiology of sepsis. Although anti-inflammatory mediators can neutralize the promoting role of pro-inflammatory mediators, but persistent immune regulation may cause host susceptibility to concurrent infections. Therefore, it is a great challenge to seek effective clinical therapy against sepsis. To understand the complicated interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory agents in sepsis, and their interaction in signal transduction and immune regulation in sepsis constitute vital significance to the prevention and control of sepsis. Summarize the latest findings about mediators associated with sepsis and innate and adaptive immune system at home and abroad in recent years, and illustrate the impact of its effects on sepsis, which may lead to resolution of many unexplored queries in the future.