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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
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Behavioural changes induced by a conditional disruption of bone formation.

Andreas Zimmer, David-Marian Otte, Andras Bilkei-Gorzo

    Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
    |February 26, 2016
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    Summary

    Disrupting bone formation in mice led to increased despair behavior, suggesting a link between bone health and mental well-being. This research explores the skeleton's influence on brain functions and animal behaviors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Orthopedics
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • The brain influences bone remodeling via the nervous system.
    • The reciprocal communication between bone and brain remains poorly understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if skeletal signals can modulate brain functions and animal behaviors.
    • To explore the impact of disrupted bone formation on behavior.

    Main Methods:

    • Transgenic mice with disrupted bone formation (via aciclovir treatment) were studied.
    • Osteoblast-specific disruption of bone formation was achieved using a herpes-simplex-virus thymidine kinase system.
    • Behavioral assessments and physiological measurements were conducted after 10 weeks.

    Main Results:

    • Reduced osteoblast numbers and trabecular bone volume density were observed in treated mice.
    • General health, body weight, activity, and social behaviors remained comparable to controls.
    • Significant increases in despair behavior and adrenal gland weights were noted in treated mice.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective disruption of bone formation can modulate specific animal behaviors.
    • Increased despair behavior suggests a potential predisposition to depression-related phenotypes.
    • Findings highlight the connection between bone mass and depression, a clinically observed association.