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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: A review.
1a Intervet International , Post-box 31 , AA Boxmeer , 5830 , The Netherlands.
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
|February 27, 2016
Summary
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale causes respiratory disease in poultry and can spread rapidly worldwide. Vaccination shows promise, but antibiotic resistance and identification challenges persist.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Avian Pathology
- Bacterial Pathogenesis
Background:
- Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (O. rhinotracheale) is a globally distributed bacterium affecting commercial poultry and wild birds.
- It is primarily associated with respiratory diseases like airsacculitis and pneumonia in poultry.
- The bacterium's role as a primary pathogen is still under investigation, with infections potentially exacerbated by other factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics, identification, and management of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infections in poultry.
- To discuss the challenges and potential solutions for controlling O. rhinotracheale-associated diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale research.
- Analysis of diagnostic methods including commercial systems and PCR assays.
- Evaluation of therapeutic and vaccination strategies.
Main Results:
- O. rhinotracheale infections manifest as airsacculitis and pneumonia, with potential for osteitis, meningitis, and joint infections.
- Horizontal and vertical transmission contribute to its widespread dissemination.
- Serotype A is the most prevalent among twelve identified serotypes, with genetic studies suggesting further species diversity.
- Antibiotic resistance is common, complicating treatment.
- Autogenous inactivated vaccines with potent oil adjuvants show success in reducing clinical signs, especially in the presence of maternal antibodies.
Conclusions:
- Effective control of O. rhinotracheale requires addressing diagnostic challenges, antibiotic resistance, and optimizing vaccination strategies.
- Autogenous vaccines can reduce clinical signs, but adjuvant choice is critical for efficacy and managing local reactions.
- Further research into avirulent strains for live vaccination and understanding the genus's genetic diversity is warranted.
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