The Coronin Family and Human Disease

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Coronins are a family of WD-repeat domain proteins involved in diverse cellular functions.
• Initially identified for actin regulation, mammalian coronins (Coronin 1-7) possess conserved structural domains.
• Emerging roles in calcium and cAMP signaling extend beyond actin modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review recent advancements in mammalian coronin research.
• To explore the diverse functions of coronins beyond actin dynamics.
• To discuss the association of coronin dysregulation with various human diseases and underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Bioinformatics analysis to identify coronin homologs across eukaryotic species.
• Literature review of studies investigating mammalian coronin structure, function, and disease association.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying coronin involvement in signaling pathways and pathologies.

Main Results:

• 723 coronins identified in 358 species; 7 identified in mammals with conserved N-terminal β-propeller and C-terminal coiled coil domains.
• Mammalian coronins regulate actin dynamics and are involved in calcium and cAMP signaling.
• Abnormal coronin expression is linked to autoimmune diseases, infections, neurological disorders, and cancer.

Conclusions:

• Mammalian coronins are multifunctional proteins with critical roles in cellular processes.
• Dysregulation of coronin family members contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases.
• Further research into coronin mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets for associated diseases.