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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

72.2K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
72.2K
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

48.8K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
48.8K
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

2.1K
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
2.1K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.6K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.6K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

22.2K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
22.2K
Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

1.6K
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
1.6K

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WaterControl: self-diffusion based solvent signal suppression enhanced by selective inversion.

Gang Zheng1, Allan M Torres1, William S Price1

  • 1Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC
|March 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new WaterControl technique offers efficient and quantifiable solvent signal suppression in NMR experiments. This method minimizes the loss of desired signals, improving data quality for various NMR applications.

Keywords:
1H, diffusionNMRPGSTEsolvent signal suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Selective inversion/excitation are common NMR techniques for solvent signal suppression.
  • Existing methods create a 'null' region, degrading both solvent and desired signals.
  • This degradation occurs due to the rejection of coherence transfer pathways within the suppression region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel technique for efficient and quantifiable solvent signal suppression in NMR.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing methods that cause signal degradation.
  • To preserve the integrity of desired resonances during solvent suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a (pulsed gradient - selective inversion pulse - pulsed gradient) unit into standard stimulated echo pulse sequences.
  • Development of the WaterControl technique.
  • Utilizing diffusion-based selection of coherence transfer pathways.

Main Results:

  • The WaterControl technique achieves diffusion-based and quantifiable solvent signal suppression.
  • The new sequence minimizes or eliminates the loss of features of interest.
  • Coherence transfer pathways for both suppressed and non-suppressed regions are selected in a single transient.

Conclusions:

  • WaterControl provides a significant advancement in NMR solvent suppression.
  • The technique offers high efficiency and broad applicability.
  • It enables improved quantitative analysis in NMR spectroscopy by preserving signal integrity.