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Efficient Second Harmonic Generation in 3D Nonlinear Optical-Lattice-Like Cladding Waveguide Splitters by Femtosecond
Weijie Nie1, Yuechen Jia2, Javier R Vázquez de Aldana3
1School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China.
Scientific Reports
|March 1, 2016
Summary
Researchers created 3D laser-written optical-lattice waveguides in KTP crystals for 1x4 beam splitting. This integrated nonlinear photonic device enables compact visible laser emission via second harmonic generation.
Area of Science:
- Integrated photonics
- Nonlinear optics
- Laser fabrication
Background:
- Integrated photonic devices with beam splitting capabilities are crucial for various optical applications.
- Direct femtosecond laser writing allows for engineering light propagation through tailored refractive index profiles in optical-lattice-like cladding waveguides.
- Nonlinear crystals offer unique properties for light manipulation and frequency conversion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To fabricate 3D laser-written optical-lattice-like structures in a nonlinear KTP crystal.
- To implement a 1x4 beam splitting function using these structures.
- To achieve second harmonic generation (SHG) for compact visible laser emission.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of 3D optical-lattice-like waveguide structures using direct femtosecond laser writing in a KTP crystal.
- Utilizing Type II phase matching for frequency doubling from 1064 nm (fundamental) to 532 nm (second harmonic).
- Characterization of guided-wave second harmonic generation under continuous-wave 1064-nm fundamental wavelength pumping.
Main Results:
- Successful fabrication of 3D laser-written optical-lattice structures enabling 1x4 beam splitting.
- Demonstration of guided-wave second harmonic generation at 532 nm.
- Maximum SHG power of 0.65 mW and conversion efficiency of ~14.3%/W achieved for the beam splitting waveguides.
Conclusions:
- The developed 3D laser-written nonlinear waveguide beam splitters are effective for integrated photonic devices.
- This technology enables the creation of compact, single-chip devices with both beam dividing and frequency conversion functionalities.
- The findings pave the way for advanced integrated nonlinear photonic devices for visible laser applications.
