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The Nervous System Orchestrates and Integrates Craniofacial Development: A Review
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center of Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
Frontiers in Physiology
|March 1, 2016
Summary
The developing brain and nerves guide head and facial structure formation by releasing signaling molecules and creating cellular niches. This review explores their crucial role in craniofacial development and regeneration.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Neuroscience
- Craniofacial Biology
Background:
- Head development involves complex interactions between multiple cell types like neural crest cells.
- Coordinated development of the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nerves, sensory organs, and musculoskeletal system is essential for head structure and function.
- The face can be viewed as integrated sensory systems with jaw appendages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of the developing brain, neurogenic placodes, and peripheral nerves on craniofacial morphogenesis.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which neural components impact surrounding tissue development.
- To discuss recent findings on the role of peripheral nerves and associated cells in post-neural crest craniofacial development and regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of developmental biology and neuroscience research.
- Analysis of signaling pathways and cellular interactions in craniofacial development.
- Synthesis of current understanding of neural influences on tissue shaping and cellular sourcing.
Main Results:
- The developing brain and nerves actively shape craniofacial structures through morphogen release and niche provision.
- Peripheral nerves and associated cells play significant roles beyond the neural crest stage.
- Neural influences are integral to the overall functional and structural development of the head.
Conclusions:
- Neural components are critical regulators of craniofacial development, impacting morphogenesis from early stages through regeneration.
- Understanding these neural influences provides insights into congenital craniofacial anomalies and regenerative strategies.
- Further research into nerve-associated cells offers potential for therapeutic advancements in craniofacial regeneration.
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