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Related Concept Videos

Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

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Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Soil Microbial Ecology01:29

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Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...
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Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
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Ecological Disturbance02:26

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An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
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What is Climate?01:16

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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity
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Global change and terrestrial plant community dynamics.

Janet Franklin1, Josep M Serra-Diaz2, Alexandra D Syphard3

  • 1School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; janet.franklin@asu.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Global change drivers impact plant communities. A new framework integrates diverse data to detect vegetation changes and predict future impacts on ecosystem services.

Keywords:
climate changedroughtforestsglobal changeland-use change

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Global Change Biology

Background:

  • Anthropogenic global change drivers, including greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen deposition, and land-use change, significantly impact terrestrial ecosystems.
  • Understanding vegetation responses to global change is vital for maintaining essential ecosystem services.
  • Predicting vegetation changes requires integrating multiple lines of evidence and modeling tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a framework for detecting and attributing vegetation changes to global change drivers.
  • To summarize observed vegetation responses to various global change factors.
  • To describe modeling approaches for forecasting future plant community dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review to synthesize observed vegetation changes.
  • Integration of data from monitoring networks, experiments, remote sensing, and historical records.
  • Description of modeling tools incorporating ecological niche shifts, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes.

Main Results:

  • Vegetation productivity and population dynamics are highly sensitive to water balance.
  • Disturbance and land-use change have persistent, long-lasting effects on plant communities.
  • These effects can interact with or overshadow climate change impacts.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive framework is needed to detect and attribute vegetation changes to multiple global change drivers.
  • Effective forecasting requires models that account for complex interactions between drivers and ecological processes.
  • Continued monitoring, experimentation, and modeling are essential for predicting 21st-century vegetation dynamics.