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Postmortem interval estimation: a novel approach utilizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based biochemical

Richard H Kaszynski1,2, Shin Nishiumi3, Takeshi Azuma3

  • 1Department of Legal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, 650-0017, Japan. kaszynski@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|March 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) is challenging. This study uses low molecular weight metabolites in mouse serum and muscle to develop accurate PMI prediction models, paving the way for human applications.

Keywords:
GC-MSMetabolomicsPostmortem interval (PMI)Time of death

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations.
  • Current methods for PMI estimation have limitations in objectivity and reliability.
  • Molecular changes after death offer potential for developing new PMI estimation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of low molecular weight metabolites for estimating PMI.
  • To develop and validate predictive models for PMI using metabolomic data from mouse serum and muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Serum and muscle samples were collected from 52 mice at seven postmortem intervals (0-48 hours).
  • Low molecular weight metabolites were extracted, measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and semi-quantified.
  • Predictive models for PMI were generated using non-linear least squares curve fitting, and validation studies were performed.

Main Results:

  • 175 and 163 metabolites were identified in muscle and serum, respectively.
  • PMI estimation panels were developed using 17 muscle and 14 serum biomarkers showing significant correlation with PMI.
  • Validation studies demonstrated accurate PMI predictions with mean errors of -0.27 ± 2.88 h (muscle) and -0.89 ± 2.31 h (serum).

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomic profiling of serum and muscle provides a reliable approach for estimating postmortem interval.
  • The developed PMI estimation panels show high accuracy in validation studies.
  • These findings support the potential application of metabolomic profiling for PMI estimation in human samples.