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Contributed Review: Recent developments in acoustic energy harvesting for autonomous wireless sensor nodes
Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Umair Khattak1
1Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2016
Summary
Acoustic energy harvesters (AEHs) are reviewed for wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). Electromagnetic AEHs show better power output and feasibility for low-frequency environments compared to piezoelectric types.
Area of Science:
- Energy Harvesting
- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
- Acoustic Energy Harvesters (AEHs)
Background:
- Advancements in microelectronics and wireless technology enable WSNs to operate with energy harvesters.
- Acoustic energy harvesters (AEHs) are emerging as a viable power source for WSNs.
- This paper reviews existing AEH literature for WSN applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of acoustic energy harvesters (AEHs) for wireless sensor node (WSN) applications.
- To categorize AEHs based on their transduction mechanisms.
- To analyze the performance characteristics of reported AEHs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of AEHs for WSNs.
- Classification of AEHs into piezoelectric acoustic energy harvesters (PEAEHs) and electromagnetic acoustic energy harvesters (EMAEHs) based on transduction mechanism.
- Analysis of reported performance data including sound pressure level (SPL), resonant frequency, and power output.
Main Results:
- AEHs are characterized within SPLs from 45 to 161 dB, with resonant frequencies ranging from 146 Hz to 24 kHz.
- Reported power outputs vary from 0.68 × 10⁻⁶ μW to 30 mW.
- Piezoelectric AEHs achieved maximum power (30 mW at 161 dB, 2.64 kHz), while electromagnetic AEHs produced a maximum of 1.96 mW (at 125 dB, 143 Hz) but offer better performance at comparable SPLs and lower resonant frequencies.
Conclusions:
- Electromagnetic acoustic energy harvesters (EMAEHs) demonstrate superior power production compared to piezoelectric acoustic energy harvesters (PEAEHs) under similar sound pressure levels.
- EMAEHs are more suitable for low-frequency acoustic environments due to their lower resonant frequencies.
- AEHs, particularly EMAEHs, hold significant potential for powering wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) in diverse applications.
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