Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
Published on: July 27, 2018
First experiments with the negative ion source NIO1
M Cavenago1, G Serianni2, M De Muri1
1INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), v.le dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro PD, Italy.
Abstract:
Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs), which need to be strongly optimized in the perspective of DEMO reactor, request a thorough understanding of the negative ion source used and of the multi-beamlet optics. A relatively compact radio frequency (rf) ion source, named NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization 1), with 9 beam apertures for a total H(-) current of 130 mA, 60 kV acceleration voltage, was installed at Consorzio RFX, including a high voltage deck and an X-ray shield, to provide a test bench for source optimizations for activities in support to the ITER NBI test facility. NIO1 status and plasma experiments both with air and with hydrogen as filling gas are described. Transition from a weak plasma to an inductively coupled plasma is clearly evident for the former gas and may be triggered by rising the rf power (over 0.5 kW) at low pressure (equal or below 2 Pa). Transition in hydrogen plasma requires more rf power (over 1.5 kW).
Related Concept Videos
Ionization Energy
Ions and Ionic Charges
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)
Negative Regulator Molecules
Electron Behavior
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...

