Are neuromuscular blocking agents being misused in laboratory pigs?

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Anesthesiology
• Animal Research Ethics
• Surgical Science

Background:

• Neuromuscular block (NMB) is employed in experimental pig surgery, but its use and impact on animal welfare, particularly regarding unconsciousness, require thorough investigation.
• Accidental awareness during general anaesthesia (AAGA) is a critical welfare concern in animal research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate the prevalence of NMB in experimental pig surgery literature (2012-2014).
• To examine methods used to ensure unconsciousness and prevent AAGA.
• To identify the rationale for NMB use and the training of anaesthetists involved.

Main Methods:

• A two-stage literature review using Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
• Screening of articles describing NMB in pig surgeries.
• Email correspondence with authors to ascertain reasons for NMB use and anaesthetist qualifications.

Main Results:

• NMB was used in 20% of reviewed studies (80/411).
• Only two articles detailed strategies to reduce AAGA.
• Improved surgical visualization was the main reason for NMB (26%).
• Medical or veterinary anaesthetists supervised 70% of cases; non-anaesthetists provided unsupervised NMB in 23%.
• Nine respondents prioritized experimental expediency over pig welfare.

Conclusions:

• AAGA may be prevalent in laboratory pig studies due to inadequate reporting of preventative measures.
• The rationale for NMB often prioritizes surgical needs over confirmed adequate anaesthesia and pig welfare.
• There is a critical need for improved standards in anaesthetic monitoring and welfare assessment in experimental animal surgery.