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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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[The Washington summit: orange light for genome editing?].

Bertrand Jordan1

  • 1UMR 7268 ADÉS, Aix-Marseille, Université/EFS/CNRS, Espace éthique méditerranéen, hôpital d'adultes la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France - CoReBio PACA, case 901, parc scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.

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PubMed
Summary

Genome editing using CRISPR technology presents complex challenges. Germline editing is currently deemed irresponsible, but future considerations and monitoring mechanisms were discussed.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • A December 2015 summit convened to discuss genome editing technologies.
  • The CRISPR system's effectiveness in genome editing was a key focus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deeply consider the technical, scientific, societal, and ethical issues of genome editing.
  • To evaluate the implications of germline genome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Expert discussions and deliberations on genome editing advancements.
  • Review of current scientific and ethical landscapes.

Main Results:

  • Germline genome editing for therapeutic or enhancement purposes was deemed irresponsible under present conditions.
  • The potential future consideration of germline editing was acknowledged.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanism for ongoing monitoring of genome editing progress was proposed.
  • The possibility of revising recommendations on germline editing in the future was not excluded.