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Related Experiment Videos

High nutrient intakes--the toxicologist's view.

J N Hathcock1

  • 1Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204.

The Journal of Nutrition
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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All substances, including essential nutrients, can be toxic at high doses. Understanding nutrient toxicity, therapeutic indices, and dose-response relationships is crucial for safe intake, especially in infant formulas.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • High intake of any substance, including essential nutrients, can lead to toxicity.
  • Nutrient toxicity is characterized by symptom profiles and dose-response relationships, including thresholds, slopes, and bioaccumulation tendencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define therapeutic indices for nutrients and analogous ratios for infant formulas.
  • To highlight the importance of considering factors that modulate nutrient toxicity and minimum toxic intake.

Main Methods:

  • Defining therapeutic indices as the ratio of lowest toxic dose to recommended intake.
  • Using analogous ratios for infant formulas (lowest toxic concentration to maximum allowed concentration).
  • Extrapolating toxicity data based on body weight, surface area, or food intake.

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Main Results:

  • Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity cases supports the appropriateness of current infant formula maximums on a per 100-kcal basis.
  • Extrapolation methods can inform maximum nutrient levels in infant formulas where they are not yet established.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrients with low therapeutic indices and small toxic dose sizes require careful management to prevent excessive intake.
  • Establishing appropriate nutrient maximums in infant formulas is essential for infant safety, using dose per 100-kcal basis for extrapolation.