Microbial pathogenesis revealed by intravital microscopy: pros, cons and cautions

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biomedical Imaging
• Pathogen Research

Background:

• Intravital multiphoton imaging enables real-time visualization of infections within intact organs.
• Recent advancements in fluorescent labeling and animal models have expanded its application in infectious disease research.
• Most rodent organs are now accessible for in vivo or ex vivo imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the latest literature on intravital and ex vivo imaging of viral and bacterial infections.
• To critically discuss the requirements, benefits, and drawbacks of current imaging methodologies.
• To highlight the role of animal models, labeling strategies, and imaged organs in infectious disease research.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies employing intravital or ex vivo imaging for infectious diseases.
• Analysis of techniques for fluorescent labeling of pathogens and infected cells.
• Evaluation of small animal models for human pathogens.

Main Results:

• Intravital imaging provides unparalleled insights into pathogen-host interactions in a physiological context.
• Advances have significantly improved the resolution and applicability of imaging techniques.
• Various organs in mice and rats are suitable for imaging, offering broad research potential.

Conclusions:

• Intravital and ex vivo imaging are powerful tools for studying infectious mechanisms.
• Careful consideration of animal models, labeling, and organ choice is crucial for successful studies.
• This approach opens new avenues for understanding and combating infectious diseases.