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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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(Compl)Ex-Th17-Treg cell inter-relationship.

Nataša Obermajer1, Marc H Dahlke2

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology; University of Pittsburgh; Hillman Cancer Center ; Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Oncoimmunology
|March 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Tumor inflammation involves a balance between IL17-producing and FoxP3+ cells. Novel exTh17-FoxP3+ cells offer new cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Keywords:
T cell plasticityTh17 cellsmyeloid-derived suppressor cellsregulatory T cellssterile inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tumor-associated inflammation features a complex interplay of immune cells.
  • The coexistence of interleukin-17 (IL17)-producing cells and FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in tumors is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind the coexistence of IL17+ and FoxP3+ cells in tumor inflammation.
  • To identify novel subpopulations of FoxP3+ cells within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell populations in tumor-associated inflammation.
  • Investigation of T cell differentiation and inter-conversion pathways.

Main Results:

  • Codependent development and Th17-to-FoxP3+ T cell inter-conversion explain the presence of both cell types.
  • A novel subpopulation, exTh17-FoxP3+ cells, was identified alongside traditional Treg cells.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic balance between IL17+ and FoxP3+ cells is a key principle in tumor immunology.
  • Understanding this Th17/Treg cell axis offers potential for developing improved cancer immunotherapies.