Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 24, 2026
Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
Published on: February 9, 2021
Squaraines bearing halogenated moieties as anticancer photosensitizers: Synthesis, characterization and biological
Loredana Serpe1, Silvano Ellena2, Nadia Barbero2
1University of Torino, Department of Drug Science and Technology, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Abstract:
We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of symmetrical indolenine-based squaraine dyes along with the evaluation of their singlet oxygen generation efficiency. The photodynamic activity of these new photosensitizers has been evaluated on a human tumor fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cell line. The cytotoxicity increased over time and is induced by the photoactivation of bromo (Br-C4) and iodio (I-C4) long carbon chain squaraine dyes and the consequent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (p < 0.001), which leads to necrosis 6 h after treatment. Induction of cytochrome c release, DNA damage and up-regulation of GPX1, NQO1 and SOD2 mRNA gene expression after PDT were investigated.
![Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60786.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
