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Related Concept Videos

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Why Be Temperate: Lessons from Bacteriophage λ.

Sylvain Gandon1

  • 1CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

Trends in Microbiology
|March 8, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage lambda (λ) adaptations reveal conditions favoring lysogenic cycles and environmental responses. Studying these viral strategies offers insights into pathogen latency evolution.

Keywords:
adaptive plasticityevolutionlatencylysislysogeny

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Pathogens frequently evolve latent infections.
  • Bacteriophage lambda (λ) serves as a model for studying infection latency.
  • Understanding viral latency is crucial for combating pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review experimental studies on bacteriophage lambda (λ) to identify conditions promoting lysogenic cycles.
  • Examine phage λ adaptations for environmental plasticity and lytic cycle reactivation.
  • Discuss phage λ evolution within the framework of evolutionary epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental studies on bacteriophage lambda (λ).
  • Analysis of phage λ adaptations and life cycle regulation.
  • Application of evolutionary epidemiology theory.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific conditions that promote the evolution of lysogenic life cycles in phage λ.
  • Highlighted phage λ adaptations enabling environmental plasticity and reactivation of the lytic cycle.
  • Discussed evolutionary forces shaping temperate phage behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Phage λ adaptations provide critical insights into the evolution of latency in microbes.
  • Understanding viral latency mechanisms can inform strategies against human pathogens.
  • Evolutionary epidemiology framework is valuable for analyzing temperate phage evolution.