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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

166
The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
166
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

70.4K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
70.4K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.8K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.8K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

76.8K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
76.8K
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

29.7K
29.7K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

18.8K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
18.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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A structural investigation of ionic liquid mixtures.

Richard P Matthews1, Ignacio J Villar-Garcia2, Cameron C Weber1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. t.welton@imperial.ac.uk.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|March 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquid mixtures with common cations and different anions show subtle structural changes due to weak H-bond and anion-π(+) interactions. These minor energetic preferences explain the ideal behavior observed in most ionic liquid mixtures.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are tunable solvents with diverse applications.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships in IL mixtures is crucial for their design.
  • The interplay between cations and anions dictates the macroscopic behavior of ILs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural organization of ionic liquid mixtures with a common cation and varying anions.
  • To elucidate the nature and strength of interactions governing the structure of IL mixtures.
  • To correlate observed interactions with the bulk properties of IL mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental techniques: 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Computational methods: Quantum chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding (H-bond) and anion-π(+) interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified preferential H-bond interactions between the imidazolium cation's H(2) and strongly H-bond accepting anions.
  • Observed anion-π(+) interactions between weakly H-bond accepting anions and the imidazolium ring.
  • Quantified these interactions as small (few kJ mol⁻¹), indicating no significant anion clustering.
  • Found that π(+)-π(+) cation stacking is promoted by strongly H-bonding anions but disrupted by weakly coordinating anions.

Conclusions:

  • The structural changes in IL mixtures are subtle and energetically minor compared to Coulombic forces.
  • Weak interactions like H-bonding and anion-π(+) interactions play a key role in IL mixture structures.
  • These findings explain the prevalent ideal or near-ideal behavior observed in most IL mixtures.