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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

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The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Isostructural solid-solid phase transition in monolayers of soft core-shell particles at fluid interfaces: structure

Marcel Rey1, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Rodríguez2, Mathias Steinacher3

  • 1Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. lucio.isa@mat.ethz.ch.

Soft Matter
|March 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We discovered a novel solid-solid phase transition in core-shell microgel monolayers at fluid interfaces. Increasing pressure causes a shift from shell-shell to core-core contacts, altering mechanical properties and enabling new applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Microgel particles at fluid interfaces exhibit complex phase behavior.
  • Understanding interfacial phase diagrams is crucial for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the two-dimensional phase diagram of core-shell microgel-laden fluid interfaces.
  • To analyze the microstructural and mechanical response to compression.

Main Methods:

  • Synchronized compression and monolayer deposition.
  • Microstructural analysis of deposited monolayers.
  • Interfacial rheology measurements using a microdisk rheometer.

Main Results:

  • Discovered an isostructural solid-solid phase transition between hexagonal crystalline phases.
  • Transition occurs from shell-shell to core-core inter-particle contacts with increasing surface pressure.
  • Observed a dip and subsequent steep increase in shear elastic modulus during the phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • Core-shell particle structure leads to tunable mechanical and structural behavior.
  • Compression of the interface offers new routes for surface patterning and emulsion stabilization.