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Related Concept Videos

Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

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Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
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No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
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The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field01:17

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The principle of superposition applies to gravitational forces of objects that are sufficiently far apart. It states that the net gravitational force on a point object is the vector sum of the gravitational forces on it due to various objects. The principle helps calculate the force by listing the individual forces and then vectorially summing them up. However, it should be noted that the principle of superposition is not always apparent. In the presence of a second force, the first force could...
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Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses01:14

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The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
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Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity01:17

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

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In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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The Higgs boson and cosmology.

Mikhail Shaposhnikov

    Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
    |March 8, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Higgs field, crucial to the Standard Model, may explain the universe's large-scale structure and early conditions. It likely influenced cosmic homogeneity, quantum fluctuations, and the hot Big Bang era.

    Area of Science:

    • Cosmology
    • Particle Physics
    • Standard Model Physics

    Background:

    • The Standard Model describes fundamental particles and forces.
    • The Higgs field is responsible for giving mass to elementary particles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the potential cosmological implications of the Higgs field.
    • To connect the Higgs field to key features of the early universe.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical discussion of the Higgs field's role.
    • Analysis of its impact on cosmic evolution.

    Main Results:

    • The Higgs field may explain the universe's homogeneity, isotropy, and flatness.
    • It could be responsible for seeding structure formation via quantum fluctuations.

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    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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  • The field might have triggered the radiation-dominated era of the hot Big Bang.
  • It may have contributed to baryogenesis and dark matter production.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Higgs field is a pivotal component in understanding early universe cosmology.
    • Further research can elucidate its precise contributions to cosmic phenomena.