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Human Cytomegalovirus: Coordinating Cellular Stress, Signaling, and Metabolic Pathways

Thomas Shenk1, James C Alwine2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544.

Annual Review of Virology
|March 10, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expertly manipulates host cell metabolism to overcome cellular defenses. This reprogramming creates an optimal environment for viral replication and spread.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Host cells possess innate defenses against viral infections.
  • Viruses must overcome cellular stress and metabolic states unfavorable for replication.
  • Viruses are adept at hijacking host cell machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the metabolic reprogramming induced by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).
  • To discuss the mechanisms driving these metabolic alterations.
  • To explore how HCMV-induced metabolic changes favor viral replication and spread.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCMV and host cell metabolism.
  • Analysis of viral strategies for manipulating host metabolic pathways.
  • Discussion of the interplay between viral infection and cellular metabolic state.

Main Results:

  • HCMV institutes a distinct metabolic program within infected host cells.
  • Specific mechanisms employed by HCMV to alter host metabolism are identified.
  • The altered metabolic milieu created by HCMV is conducive to efficient viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • HCMV effectively manipulates host cell metabolism to its advantage.
  • Understanding these metabolic alterations is key to comprehending HCMV pathogenesis.
  • Targeting HCMV-induced metabolic changes may offer therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
AMPKglutaminolysisglycolysishost-virus interactionsmTORunfolded protein response

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