Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

369
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
369
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

327
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
327
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

2.3K
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
2.3K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

4.5K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.5K
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

36.9K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
36.9K
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

548
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
548

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The autonomic nervous system-lung interface in experimental BPD: NPY modulates immune response, alveolar growth and vascular muscularizationin neonatal mice exposed to oxidative stress.

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

Interdisciplinary Clinical Practice Guidelines for patient-centred management of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

EULAR rheumatology open·2026
Same author

Evidence- and Consensus-based European Guideline for Immunosuppressive Therapy After Pediatric Kidney Transplantation.

Transplantation·2026
Same author

Mycophenolate dosing in childhood nephrotic syndrome - Authors' reply.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health·2026
Same author

Novel Netrin-1-Unc5b-Klf4 axis balances AT2 survival in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Risk Assessment of Delayed Graft Function in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation - a CERTAIN Research Network Analysis.

Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation·2026
Same journal

For health, for beauty, or both? navigating trends as adolescent clinicians.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2026
Same journal

Childhood sleep disorders: practical management for the pediatrician.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2026
Same journal

Advanced therapies in management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2026
Same journal

Artificial intelligence in pediatric endoscopy for hereditary polyposis syndromes: promises and challenges.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2026
Same journal

Hormonal acne therapies in pediatrics.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2026
Same journal

Clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in adolescent mental healthcare.

Current opinion in pediatrics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

9.9K

Perinatal programming of renal function.

Jörg Dötsch1, Miguel Alejandre-Alcazar, Ruth Janoschek

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|March 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perinatal programming impacts kidney function through epigenetic changes. Environmental factors during pregnancy can lead to later renal failure and hypertension in children, as confirmed in animal studies.

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

12.0K
In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow
10:25

In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow

Published on: February 4, 2015

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
14:40

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

9.9K
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

12.0K
In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow
10:25

In Utero Intra-cardiac Tomato-lectin Injections on Mouse Embryos to Gauge Renal Blood Flow

Published on: February 4, 2015

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Perinatal programming alters genetically determined development via environmental factors.
  • Factors include intrauterine malnutrition, overnutrition, glucocorticoids, and toxins like smoking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings on perinatal programming of renal function.
  • To summarize epigenetic alterations affecting kidney development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human and animal studies on perinatal programming and renal function.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone modifications.

Main Results:

  • Small for gestational age children show increased susceptibility to renal failure and glomerular diseases.
  • Arterial hypertension is prevalent in this at-risk group.
  • Animal models confirm these findings, showing glomerulosclerosis and renal disorders due to nutritional insults; reduced nephron number is a key mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Future clinical studies need well-defined criteria reflecting prenatal life.
  • Transgenic animal models can elucidate underlying epigenetic mechanisms.