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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Reversible Photoregulation of Gene Expression and Translation.

Shinzi Ogasawara1

  • 1Creative Research Institution Sousei (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan. shinzi@cris.hokudai.ac.jp.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel photoresponsive 8-styryl cap (8ST-cap) to reversibly control gene translation using light. This method offers a new way to regulate gene expression with precision.

Keywords:
Cap structurePhotoisomerizationTranslationmRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Controlling gene expression with light is crucial for biological research and synthetic biology.
  • Existing light-controllable gene expression methods often target transcription or use irreversible cage compounds.
  • There is a need for reversible, translation-level control of gene expression using light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel photoresponsive element for reversible control of gene translation.
  • To demonstrate light-induced isomerization of the 8-styryl cap (8ST-cap) for gene expression regulation.
  • To establish a new tool for precise temporal control over protein synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a photoresponsive 8-styryl cap (8ST-cap).
  • Incorporation of the 8ST-cap into mRNA molecules.
  • Illumination with specific wavelengths of light to induce reversible cis-trans isomerization of the 8ST-cap.
  • Assessment of translation efficiency under different light conditions.

Main Results:

  • The 8ST-cap can be reversibly isomerized by light of specific wavelengths.
  • Light-induced isomerization of the 8ST-cap effectively controls mRNA translation.
  • Demonstrated reversible on/off switching of protein synthesis using the 8ST-cap system.

Conclusions:

  • The photoresponsive 8ST-cap provides a novel method for reversible light-controlled gene translation.
  • This system offers precise temporal control over protein synthesis, distinct from transcriptional control.
  • The 8ST-cap is a promising tool for applications in synthetic biology, optogenetics, and fundamental research.