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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

2.5K
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
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Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

3.0K
 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in...
3.0K
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

2.8K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
2.8K
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

2.2K
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
2.2K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.6K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.5K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
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Intercalation Compounds as Inner Reference Electrodes for Reproducible and Robust Solid-Contact Ion-Selective

Yu Ishige1, Stefan Klink2, Wolfgang Schuhmann3

  • 1Center for Technology Innovation, Healthcare, Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd., Higashi-Koigakubo 1-280, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, 185-8601, Japan.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) using lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as an inner reference electrode. This innovation enhances robustness and miniaturization for clinical electrolyte analysis.

Keywords:
cation intercalation compoundsinner reference electrodeion-selective electrodeslithium iron phosphatesolid contact

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are crucial for clinical blood electrolyte analysis.
  • Developing miniaturized solid-contact ISEs (SC-ISEs) faces challenges in maintaining interface potential stability, impacting robustness and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as a novel inner reference electrode (iRE) for SC-ISEs.
  • To improve the robustness and miniaturization of SC-ISEs for reliable clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized partially charged lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as a cation-sensitive intercalation compound for iREs.
  • Characterized the interface potential stability and response of the developed SC-ISEs.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that LFP functions as an effective iRE of the quasi-first kind.
  • Achieved ISEs with high robustness towards inner filling variations (5 mV/dec concentration).
  • Developed stable and predictable potentials from the LiFePO4/FePO4 redox couple (97.0±1.5 mV after 42 days).

Conclusions:

  • Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) offers a viable solution for robust and miniaturized SC-ISEs.
  • The symmetrical response of LFP-based iREs significantly enhances electrode performance and stability.
  • This advancement paves the way for more reliable integrated systems for clinical electrolyte monitoring.