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Metabolic syndrome, diet and exercise.

Sunita M C De Sousa¹, Robert J Norman²

¹Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Hormones and Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology

|March 15, 2016

Summary

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases risks for metabolic issues like insulin resistance and obesity, potentially leading to cardiovascular disease. Women with PCOS require metabolic monitoring, with lifestyle changes being key interventions.

Keywords:

diet exercise insulin resistance lifestyle intervention metabolic syndrome polycystic ovary syndrome

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Medicine
Reproductive Health

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to significant metabolic complications.
These include insulin resistance (IR), obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
The cumulative risks contribute to a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular (CV) disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the cardiometabolic risks associated with PCOS.
To emphasize the need for metabolic surveillance in all women diagnosed with PCOS.
To discuss current and potential interventions for managing metabolic complications in PCOS.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PCOS and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular risks.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and their implications for metabolic surveillance.
Evaluation of the efficacy of lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery.

Main Results:

PCOS is associated with a cluster of metabolic disorders, significantly elevating cardiovascular risk.
Metabolic surveillance is recommended for all women with PCOS, though specific guidelines vary.
Lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise) show promise in improving metabolic and reproductive health outcomes.

Conclusions:

Women with PCOS face substantial cardiometabolic risks that necessitate proactive management.
Lifestyle interventions are foundational, with pharmacotherapy and surgery as options for refractory cases.
Further research is needed on the long-term natural history of PCOS-related metabolic disease and comparative intervention effectiveness.