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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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High resolution laser mass spectrometry bioimaging.

Kermit K Murray1, Chinthaka A Seneviratne1, Suman Ghorai1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|March 15, 2016
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Summary

This review explores laser-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for large biomolecules. It details methods to achieve high lateral resolution for single-cell analysis, crucial for biological research.

Keywords:
ImagingMALDIMass spectrometryResolution

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has evolved significantly since its inception over 50 years ago.
  • Early methods like SIMS offered sub-micrometer resolution, but laser-based MS requires advancements for single-cell scale imaging.
  • The development of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and ambient laser MS expanded capabilities for biomolecule analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review untargeted large biomolecule MSI techniques utilizing lasers for desorption/ionization or post-ionization.
  • To discuss novel approaches for enhancing lateral resolution in laser-based MSI.
  • To highlight methods enabling imaging at the scale of single mammalian cells.

Main Methods:

  • Laser microprobe (LDI) MSI
  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI
  • Laser ambient and atmospheric pressure MSI
  • Near-field laser ablation MS

Main Results:

  • Laser MS methods are being refined to achieve resolutions of 10μm or below.
  • Various techniques are employed to improve lateral resolution, including oversampling and advanced optical configurations.
  • Untargeted MSI of large biomolecules at cellular resolution is becoming increasingly feasible.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in laser desorption/ionization and post-ionization techniques are critical for high-resolution MSI.
  • Novel strategies are essential to overcome limitations in achieving sub-10μm lateral resolution with laser MS.
  • Improved laser-based MSI methods will significantly advance the study of biomolecular distributions in biological systems.