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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.5K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.5K
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

1.6K
Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
1.6K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.7K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.7K
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

2.6K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
2.6K
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

3.8K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
3.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.6K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.6K

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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Dihydrogen Complexation.

Robert H Crabtree1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States.

Chemical Reviews
|March 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dihydrogen complexes, featuring an intact H-H bond, are now widely recognized. Novel spectroscopic methods, primarily NMR, help distinguish structural types and understand reactivity patterns in catalysis and bioinorganic chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Dihydrogen complexation, involving the H-H bond, was once exotic but is now prevalent.
  • Three structural types exist: Kubas dihydrogen, stretched dihydrogen, and compressed dihydrides.
  • Distinguishing these structures is challenging, necessitating advanced methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of dihydrogen complexes.
  • To highlight methods for structural identification.
  • To outline key reactivity patterns and their implications.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key technique for structural elucidation.
  • Computational studies aid in identifying structures, especially in main group chemistry.
  • Spectroscopic analysis of dihydrogen complexation.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct structural types of dihydrogen complexes are recognized.
  • NMR spectroscopy provides crucial insights into differentiating these structures.
  • Key reactivity pathways include proton loss, oxidative addition, and dissociation.
  • Emerging main group dihydrogen complexes are primarily identified computationally.
  • Hydrogenases and nitrogenases are proposed to involve dihydrogen structures.

Conclusions:

  • Dihydrogen complexes are diverse and play roles in various chemical systems.
  • Spectroscopic and computational tools are vital for their characterization.
  • Understanding dihydrogen complex reactivity is essential for catalytic applications and bioinorganic chemistry.