Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

1.9K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
1.9K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

10.7K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
10.7K
Vision01:24

Vision

61.3K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.3K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

11.3K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
11.3K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

9.0K
Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
9.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Color vision.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same author

Asymmetries in hue percepts and early cortical color coding: Evidence from chromatic visual evoked potentials.

Journal of vision·2026
Same author

Face adaptation improves performance on a face search task.

Vision research·2026
Same author

Midget ganglion cell anatomy and center structure: More complex than it looks.

Vision research·2026
Same author

Asymmetries in hue measured behaviorally and with visual evoked potentials.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Color contrast adaptation and compensation in color deficiencies.

Journal of vision·2025
Same journal

Multi-module collaborative optimization-driven fast speckle correlation imaging in variable environments.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Secrecy performance analysis of NOMA-UWOC systems over a vertically stratified WGG oceanic turbulence channel.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Backscattering of plane waves in a composite system containing a rough surface and anisotropic scatterers.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Aspherical surface construction methods based on extended Jacobi polynomials.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

OCT sidelobe suppression method based on dual-path phase sinusoidal modulation and minimum value fusion.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Optical design concepts using wavelength-selective diffractive optics to enable miniaturized multimodal endoscopic imaging across separated spectral ranges.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.7K

Color vision: introduction by the feature editors.

Steven L Buck, Rigmor Baraas, Barry B Lee

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |March 15, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This special issue covers current research in color vision, featuring studies presented at the International Colour Vision Society symposium. Discover advancements in understanding how we perceive color.

    More Related Videos

    Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
    07:34

    Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    8.7K
    Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings
    08:33

    Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

    Published on: February 26, 2016

    12.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 24, 2026

    Visualizing Visual Adaptation
    04:43

    Visualizing Visual Adaptation

    Published on: April 24, 2017

    9.7K
    Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
    07:34

    Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

    Published on: August 22, 2018

    8.7K
    Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings
    08:33

    Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

    Published on: February 26, 2016

    12.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Vision Science
    • Psychophysics
    • Color Science

    Background:

    • This feature issue highlights research from the International Colour Vision Society (ICVS) symposium.
    • It showcases the diverse interests within the color vision research community.
    • The articles cover both fundamental and applied aspects of color perception.

    Discussion:

    • The collection reflects the current state of research in human color vision.
    • It addresses various topics including color constancy, color appearance, and color deficiency.
    • Interdisciplinary approaches combining optics, neuroscience, and psychology are evident.

    Key Insights:

    • The issue presents novel findings on the mechanisms underlying color perception.
    • It explores the biological and computational models of color vision.
    • Advances in understanding individual differences in color vision are discussed.

    Outlook:

    • Future research directions in color vision science are suggested.
    • The potential applications of color vision research in technology and medicine are considered.
    • Continued exploration of the complexities of human color perception is anticipated.